so did you find real evidence or folks' opinions on forums?
I seriously have seen no evidence of the mental maturing process being stopped in my two. Can I ask which book you have been using and who its by? I am always interested in reading about dog training....
My "in theory" view is that i would never put any of my pets through a surgical procedure that wasn't necessary. If a male dog isn't going to be allowed to mate on a regular basis, however, it seems to me to be unkind and risky, especially in todays Dangerous Dogs Act world, to leave him with those drives intact and no way of fulfilling them. Its many years since we had an entire male dog (about 17, weimaraners are a long lived breed and we had a bitch after him) and the world was a different place then, also he was very easy going, not especially testosterone driven. Even he, however was castrated aged 12 because he got prostate trouble...again no problem, fast recovery and no change of character.
I do think that castration age depends a bit on breed, small dogs mature earlier that big ones and are capable of breeding earlier...so a bit of the answer about when depends on why you want it done.
I would always spay a bitch unless I wanted to breed her (and before readers think of gender prejudice, i am female) I think that they can have a better life if they aren't having to be kept indoors or at least out of the way of other dogs for around a month a year, also pyometra is a risk, especially if allowed near other dogs when in season as the interest in the rear end is one of the ways that infection is passed.
there is a growing trend in the purebred cat world to neuter kittens young, even before they go to their forever homes, and there doesn't seem to be any problem either mental or physical with that. In the US, the law in some states means that shelters i are having to neuter pups before rehoming so that can mean at 8 weeks. empirically that doesn't seem to be causi