Vitamin B12 has several uses within the body but the main use is in the production of red blood cells produced in the bone marrow. If you have a deficiency you are likely to be anaemic. Long term deficency can also cause problems with the nervous system. Vegans have trouble getting sufficient B12 since it natural only really occurs in meat and diary products. I would also advise taking B12 supplements if you are on a long term detox diet. Visit the Vegetarian or Vegan society sites for more information.
B12 deficiency is the prime symptom of pernicious anemea, where the gut is unable to utilise the vitamin and it passes straight through. If left unattended it can eventually cause death, but a regular B12 injection works wonders.