VAT is a continental invention. French tax authority apparatchik Maurice Lauré fathered the tax in 1954, although a tax that touched on every stage of the production process was first theorised in Germany a century earlier. VAT took its bow in the UK in November 1974, as part of the price the UK paid for joining the Common Market.
The UK's previous consumption tax, the Purchase Tax, was levied at different rates depending on an item's perceived "luxury". Initially, UK VAT was set at a standard rate of 10%. Almost immediately, the standard rate was shaved to 8% and joined by a higher rate of 12.5% for petrol and certain luxury goods. By the end of the decade both rates had been "harmonised" at 15%, which is where VAT stayed until the 1991-92 tax year, when John Major's government nudged it upwards to 17.5%. There it has stayed for the best part of two decades.
https://www.theguardian.com/money/2010/dec/31/vat-brief-history-tax