Yes, brown rice (and other whole grains) do take longer to cook than their white (or processed) counterparts. They are also much better for you - precisely because they also take longer to digest !
Get yourself a pressure cooker if you want to use dried beans - they cook in a fraction of the time but yep, you do need to soak (most) of them first. The difference is taste is quite astounding though compared to the canned variety which are usually full of salt and sugar. I do use canned beans occasionally but I really love freshly cooked ones instead, simply for the taste alone.
The soaking overnight (or for a few hours anyway) is simply to rehydrate them, just don't forget to furiously boil beans like red kidney beans for at least 10 mins to destroy the oxalic acid.
You can use cooked beans in all sorts of recipes - anything from chillies to lasagne to stews and casseroles or even to replace meat or simply to make it stretch further. And then there are the pat�s, hummus and dips .....