On this site about the New York Subway
http://wirednewyork.com/forum/showthread.php?t =4676 it says
Introduction of the Turnstile
(June 1906)
Subway officials announce the installation of the first turnstile at the 110th Street station. Fears spread that ticket choppers, the men who collect the paper predecessor of the token from passengers, will lose their jobs. An official assures workers that turnstiles will not replace them: "It is absurd to suppose that we can get along with fewer men than we now have." (By 1921, turnstiles are replacing ticket choppers all over the system, although there are still some kinks to work out with the turnstile. One prototype has long arms that trap passengers until they pay. "This type did not prove satisfactory," The Times said, "because it invited considerable congestion when fat passengers sought to make the passage.")