yes you can, but dependant on how good your water pressure is you may get a really feeble flow of water from a larger rose type head, the hose thread is usually standard so it should be easy to give it a try.
Just to satisfy my own curiosity, why on earth would you want to?
IMHO a flexible lead allows you to direct the flow exactly where you want it.....the same can't be said for a fixed rose.
Not so, many rose type heads have a swivel joint in them so you can direct the spray, My old victorian head shower used to be on an arm straigh out from the wall and it was fantastic to be able to stand directly under the water spray, we loved it and miss it now we have moved house.