If the sludge was made of very fine particles, they may be so small that your filter can't take them out. If so, you might need something called a 'flocculating agent', which basically causes these tiny particles to gather together into bigger clumps. These either sink back to the bottom of the pond, or are big enough to get picked up in the filter. There are quite a few available, like Koi Care 'Algiclear', SeaChem 'Clarigen', or Oase 'Aqua Activ Crystal Plus'. These sort of pond additives are available from most fish shops & large garden centres. Hope that help you!