Boxtops:
There are some fairly primitive speed restriction systems in place but I certainly wouldn't put much trust in them. As an analogy, there are 'hot axle box detectors' at regular intervals along railway tracks but a train managed to arrive at our station, having passed a whole series of the detectors completely unnoticed, with an axle box glowing red. The engineers who examined it stated that, had my colleague not spotted it in time, the train would have almost certainly derailed on the 100mph stretch of track just uproad from the station.
With regard to train drivers 'getting lost':
All drivers must have the relevant 'ticket' for each section of track that they drive on. If, unusually, they are required to drive along a section of track for which they don't hold the relevant paperwork, they must be accompanied by another member of train crew (referred to as a 'pilot') who has the required route knowledge.
Even when there are no engineering works, trains occasionally go the wrong way. About once or twice per year, trains travelling between Liverpool Street and Norwich are accidentally routed towards Southend or Clacton because of signalling errors!