I agree with the above. The sound basically comes out of your speakers, into your mic. It then goes back out of your speakers into your mic etc in one endless loop that builds into feedback. A closed system with no mic is not able to do this.
Do you use a microphone on your disco unit? If so check that the on off swith is actually turning it off. Just tap it when it is off.
Other than that, the noise that you are experiencing may be something other than feedback.
Here's a controversial idea. Turn it down. If you are getting feedback, it is not right but keep the volume level lower. Building feedback will eventually kill your speaker cones above a certain level, and if you have walked away to go to the loo etc when this happens, it could turn out expensive.
I would suggest keeping the PC headphone level lower (about two thirds vol and use the disco unit to amplify) that will produce a clearer sound. A high headphone output from the PC may be overdriving the input on your disco mixer. Also make sure you plug into line in and NOT PHONO on the disco mixer. That will also overdrive the input. Please let us know how you get on.