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Advert volume
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For more on marking an answer as the "Best Answer", please visit our FAQ.It's caused by the same problem that explains why modern chart music has no dynamic range - it's compression.
Imagine a recording engineer had a vocalist who would whisper words quietly and then belt out some loud screams. A sound engineer, has to record such a take. The whispers are too quiet unless the engineer boosts the fader and the screams require the engineer to quickly lower the fader so s/he doesn't overload the recorder. That is the time-honored technique called "riding the gain" (gain is another word for volume). A compressor is an audio circuit that automatically 'rides the gain'. It pumps up the volume when things get quiet and slams down the peaks when they get loud. The goal of the compressor is to achieve a more uniform, more consistent audio signal that is optimum for recording and listening.
That's what happens with adverts - and all the sound is boosted to the top end of the scale, which is why it sounds so loud compared to a television programme - the programme will typically have more dynamic range.
I asked the same question a while back and got some good explanations here:- http://www.theanswerbank.co.uk/Film-and-TV/Question127730.html
Doesnt make it any less annoying though.