Although there are a few composers who might qualify, the most renowned is Sorabji, whose Opus Clavicembalisticum, written over several staves and lasting nearly 5 hours, is reputedly to be the most difficult solo piano piece of all time! http://www.sorabji-archive.co.uk/
On Youtube you can also watch videos of the work played by midi machines which show the score at the same time.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?vvrVjCIaa3UQ
John Ogdens famous performance of the most difficult piano piece ever!