I think you may have an image of precolonial Africans as a bunch of savages running around in grass skirts - forgive me if I'm wrong but it was a popular perception given in schools many years ago and still lives on with some of our older members.
Africa is a big place and in some places civilisations were primitive but in others there was amazing sophistication and power.
Ethiopia is a particular example, Benin is also interesting - Europeans first refused to accepththat the brozes made there were created by them because the skill employed was too fine. Then there's Zimbabwe the citadel of Great Zimbabwe was built up to the 14th Century and was very much the same sort of thing that we were putting up at the time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Great-Zimbabwe-2.jpg
What made us a Superpower first and them a 3rd world nation was industrialisation
If you want a remarkable and unique example of this look at Japan
When Japan first saw Western Industrial power they grabbed it, everything they could get everything they could do
At the start the British shelled Japan which was basically run by Samurai - one of the boys at that shelling was the commander of the Naval force defeated the Russians in 1905 - that's how fast they modernised.
They also had the advantage of never really suffering colonisation