It would mean something different in the USA. First of all, no doctors live in the places where they work. "Residency" is the period of a doctor's education after he/she has completed the four years of medical school and has earned the M.D. degree, but before the doctor has enough experience to practice medicine unsupervised. All doctors must go through residency, and the required length of residency differs between countries depending on how desperately new doctors are needed. Thus, in Canada it is only one year, whereas in the US it is two years (we have more doctors per capita than Canada does, and can afford to wait while they gain more experience before placing them in jobs.) A resident doctor would be a person in that period of the career. I know this because my sister is a medical doctor!