8a) gout of the foot (7) ?O?A?R? 11d) in optics a partial shadow where some of the light source can be seen (8) ?E?U?B?A 27d) 17th century lute-like instrument(4,4)L?R? V?O? 30d) refutation of a proposition by proving the contrary of its conclusions ( 8) E?E?C?U? can't manage these last four , need help, thanks to whoever can