// jim surely a cross section of the nucleus of a Uranium atom would be circular?? //
I didn't feel like replying to this yesterday, apologies for the delay.
Just want to make a couple of points, hopefully useful in future:
1. It's probably a fair assumption that a nucleus is roughly spherical in shape, but it's also worth being careful about what assumptions you make. Atomic nuclei are very complicated, and also dynamic, objects, so they may even change shape, undulating as the particles within the nuclei move around. Although that said I don't do nuclear physics so maybe I have just spouted a whole lot of bilge.
2. But anyway, for a calculation like this, you should barely care about the difference between squares and circles. A circle with diameter D has area (pi/4)*D^2, compared with a square of side D having area D^2, and pi/4 is about 79%. Obviously a 20% difference is a lot if you are trying to get an *exact* answer, but if you're just looking for a rough-and-ready approximation, a chance to work out what the approximate size of things are, then you may as well take pi/4=1 and be done with it. Approximation is your ally!