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For more on marking an answer as the "Best Answer", please visit our FAQ.if you are looking at a motion sensor alarm you need a PIR (passive infra red) sensor. A PIR will switch a transistor or MOSFET when it recieves inra red rays given of by people/ animals. The transistor can then be used to trigger a siren/buzzer. (PIRs are kind of pricey)
If you are looking at an infra red trip line (normally across a doorway) it is pretty much the same thing but you have an IR emmiter and an ir reciever. The emmiter just emmits a constant IR beam the IR reciever will stay on as long as the beam is on it. When someone walks past through the beam it turns off, you can use this switching to control a siren/buzzer.
You will probably want a little timer circuit so you can set the length of time the alarm sounds for. A 555 timer will do.
http://www.ee.washington.edu/conselec/Sp96/projects/mitchrob/proposal/proposal.htm
try this site they have a few types of alarm circuits
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