firtly lazygun, as i have said in other threads, men and women have different roles. Mothers are more respected than fathers, infact, the quran states paradise lies under your mothers feet, meaning respect your mother and you will reach paradise. This clearly shows that women are seen as more important by the children and that the children respect mothers more than fathers.
the reason men can marry other religions is because muslim cannot marry people who associate idols with god, like hindus. If a women marries a hindu she may be pressureised into becoming hindu, which is totally the opposite of islamic belief. Of course, if she wanted to become a hindu, than fine. Also, as simmilar in british law, the women normally takes on the mans surname and often lives with the mans family. If she is living with a non muslim and she is a muslim that may be awkward and uncomfortable.
A child can convert when they reach of age. The reason they are brought up as muslims is simply becaue being brought up in two faiths would be confusing for anyone, so it is simple to follow one faith and as you take the mans surname, you take the mans religion as well.
//Surely it would be better to allow the child to make an informed choice once they are old enough to appreciate the teachings, the pros and cons?//
when they are of age, they can choose their religion.
The reason men cannot marry men is because it is impossile to genetically continue on your family line and also men marry women. That is how islam believes society works. Plus men and women are natural. This of course doesnt mean muslims should "hate" gays. No, i infact have a friend who is gay. Yes, i do not agree with it, but i respect him for who he is, a human.