In snooker it is possible to score more than 147 in a single break. If your opponent fouls before a ball is potted, and snookers you on the 165 remaining reds then you can claim a free ball. now you have sixteen reds and a total of 155. Never achieved in competition but has been in practice/demonstration games. Jamie Burnett, in 2004, scored 148 in tournament play. I think my old club in West London recorded higher score at 151 which used to be listed but isn't shown any more
300 in a game of 10 pin bowling. To achieve a score of 300, you need to get 12 strikes in a row (9 strikes in the first 9 frames and 3 strikes in the 10th frame).
Strangely enough the perfect score in Archery is also 300. It is achieved by hitting the centre ring worth 10 pts, 30 times out of 30 in a competition. The archery target is called ... a round.
The perfect score in a hand of cribbage is 29. This requires a jack and all four fives. Your hand needs a jack and 3 fives and the turnover needs to be the 5 of the same suit as the jack you hold in your hand. I can honestly say that I have achieved this and the 9 dart finish.
In tennis there’s a golden set, where a player wins every point in a set. A golden match would be absolutely perfect, but I don’t know if anyone has managed that, in the professional game.
In football, isn't there also the perfect hat trick. Left foot, right foot and header, not necessarily in that order. Not terribly rare. Geoff Hurst World Cup final. '66 is a fine example