It might help us if we understood a bit more about the type of maps that you're seeking to create. (After all, old maps already exist; they don't need to be 'created').
Are you seeking to end up with something like street maps from the 1900s (perhaps annotated to your requirements) or, say, maps showing national borders in Europe in the 1700s. (For both of those there are existing maps available for which you to base your own designs on). Or are you seeking to do some research and produce entirely new maps of something?
It might also help to know where the maps will be appearing. If you're just producing them for, say, a university thesis you could probably get away with ignoring copyright restrictions and basing them around published maps. However if they're to appear in a published book, or on a website, then copyright problems will need to be addressed.
My gut feeling here is that what you'll end up needing isn't actually mapping software but a decent desktop publishing program (to enable you to adapt existing maps to your personal needs) but without further information it's hard to point you towards any particular software.