As birdie says, what you want is a form of Public Key encryption. One such program is PGP, but the free version is a little limited. A free (as in speech, too) implementation is called GnuPG.
This is a good version of it for windows, and totally free. The receiver also needs to have it.
You each have your own public and private keys, and then you encypt your email message with their public key. Now only they can read it, which they need their private key for. No government agency can read it. No clever cracker. No-one.