they can't; but you can get secondary cataracts from the remaining parts of your lens.
However... some years ago I mentioned to my osteopath that I was being dazzled by headlights while driving to his surgery on winter evenings. He said "I can fix that", and he did. Apparently the optic nerve had been trapped by slightly misaligned vertebrae and so my pupils were dilating more slowly than usual, hence the dazzling. I'm not saying that's your problem, but it's worth investigating other causes. Cataracts don't grow back.