I've not really got a clue as to why the problem is occurring - it's certainly something I've never encountered before.
However it occurs to me that your laptop might not fully support SDXC memory cards (which is what a 256 GB card would have to be).
Many devices only support SD and SDHC cards, limiting the user to a maximum of 32 GB without problems occurring. (I can't think why you'd need 256 GB anyway. You could fit the complete works of Shakespeare into 0.005 Gb. The largest edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica only takes up 4.5 GB).
Try using an SDHC card (of perhaps just 4 or 8 GB) instead. You might well find that the problem then disappears.
If you still want to remove all traces of the old card from your laptop's registry though, install and run USB Oblivion
https://www.cherubicsoft.com/en/projects/usboblivion but make sure that
(a) you remove any/all SD cards and USB drives first ; and
(b) that you remember to tick the 'Do real clean' box.