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"3. Trial in Absentia
Prior to 2001, trial by jury in absentia did not exist, save where a defendant absconded during the trial process. Even then, it was rare that the trial would continue.
In 2001, the House of Lords decided that such trials were both part of the common law and compatible with a defendant’s Convention rights: Jones (Anthony) [2003] 1 AC
However, ‘the discretion to commence a trial in the absence of a defendant should be exercised with the utmost care and caution ’ per Lord Bingham, para 13, ibid.
This caveat has been (mis)interpreted so as to permit the trial of a defendant whose absence from a Magistrates Court was occasioned by the prison service failing to produce him (resulting conviction quashed on appeal).
There are no published statistics for the number of such trials in the Crown Court. However, in 2004/5, 170,000 (one hundred and seventy thousand) defendants (15% of all those charged) failed to attend their trial in the Magistrates Court and the charge was proved in their absence. The overwhelming majority of these were motoring offences (National Audit Office 10/02/2006 ‘CPS: Effective Use of Magistrates Courts Hearings’ )."
http://www.ecba.org/extdocserv/conferences/ams2008/iaj-2.pdf