Clicking a link within a dodgy email can, in itself, be enough to dump malware onto your computer. However it seems that the scam here was simply one which was seeking to access your bank details, so clicking alone probably hasn't done any harm.
Such emails are incredibly common. Even though my email provider has excellent spam filters in place, from time to time I get emails which include my full name, my home telephone number and (apart from the house number) my full postal address, which always purport to come from firms which I've ordered things from (and which, of course, want me to click on a link). I've learned to ignore them!