You can differentiate between a male and a female cat when they get out of kitten stage. The male cat's face will broaden around the cheeks area and the females won't, hers will be a more pointed face. If a male is castrated before his cheeks have broadened out then it won't happen but once they have broadened out, castrating won't make any difference. In this link you can see very clearly the difference between Harley male and Queenie female.
https://www.cats.org.uk/adopt-a-cat/find-a-cat?pc=Brighton&wc=0&wd=0&wch=0&wf=1&io=0
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