The USA adopted a variety of measures - rationing, encouraging people not to waste food, advertising homegrown products to reduce dependance on imports and promoting various recycling measures. In financial terms, however, the biggest impact was a variety of savings devices to encourage ordinary Americans to contribute to the war effort. The best known of these was Liberty Bonds.
The following website has a good variety of the publicity which accompanied all these mechanisns.
www.firstworldwar.com/posters/usa.htm
Wikipedia has a reasonable description of the effectiveness and the amounts invested in Liberty Bonds.