(2-part post):
There's no absolute standard.
I've dabbled in antiques dealing, attended many auctions, written press articles about auctions, my college project for my radio journalism qualification was on auctions and, like you, I've been the auctioneer for several charity auctions. With all that behind me, I can confirm that there's a fairly regular pattern to the bidding increments but there are no fixed rules. (I sometimes watch programmes like 'Cash in the Attic' and get completely surprised with the bidding increments used in some auction rooms).
To some extent, auctioneers choose their bidding increment based upon where they think the bids will end up. For example, most auctioneers will use �1 increments up to �10. If they suspect that the bidding will end at around �15, they'll carry on using �1 increments. However, if they think that the bidding will go above �20, they'll immediately switch to �2 increments.
Some auctioneers seem to think that, at certain stages of an auction, �2 increments aren't big enough but �5 increments are too high. This often results in the using a mixture of �2 and �3 increments. (See below).
For what it's worth, the following is fairly close to a 'normal' bidding pattern:
From �1 to �10 : �1 increments
From �10 to �20: �2 increments.
From �20 to �50: As follows: �22, �25, �28, �30, �32, �35, �38, �40, �42, �45, �48, �50 (OR �2 increments)
From �50 to �100: �5 increments.
From �100 to �200: �10 increments.
From �200 to �500: �20 increments.
From �500 to �1000: �50 increments
�1000+ : �100 increments (unless, of course, it's a really high value item!)