1. I would think it was a gypsy caravan drawn by horses. don't know what it was called though.
2. According to Wikipedia - Baden Powell "Wrote several of his military books, which were written for military reconnaissance and scout training in his African years, and were also read by boys. Based on those earlier books, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908 by Pearson, for youth readership. During writing, he tested his ideas through a camping trip on Brownsea Island that began on 1 August 1907, which is now seen as the beginning of Scouting.
3. Sorry - no idea.
HTH !!