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If they don't use anaesthetic, they use sedation, but some people don't like that because if anything goes wrong, it takes longer to bring them round from the sedation, whereas the anaesthetics they use these days are quickly reversible. Unless the dog is very laid back, even with sedation it is difficult to make the dog keep still enough.
They x-ray both hips, and the plates are sent off to the BVA for scoring, although most vets will give you some idea whether they are either good or not so good. I had a bitch done who was in season, and I planned on mating her. Her plates showed that her hip joints were so worn that they did not fit in the sockets and arthritis had started to set in. This bitch did agility and you would never have known she had a problem, but she had been in a pet home for her first two years and even though both parents had low scores and the rest of the litter were ok, her score was 76.
Suffice to say she was not bred from!
The lowest score is 0 - 0 and the highest 53 - 53. It is better if the scores are fairly even, although an odd score such as 2 - 40 would indicate a trauma or injury rather than
poorly formed hips. The breed mean score (average score from the total number of dogs of that breed scored)
gives you an idea of what is good for your particular breed, but obviously the more dogs scored the better idea you will get. This is why it is important for all plates to be sent away for scoring, even if the vet says they are not very good.
All results are published in the Kennel Club Breed Records Supplement. In the latest issue there are seven Malinois listed and the lowest is 0 - 0 and the highest 3 -4, with others in between.