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Prime Minister
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For more on marking an answer as the "Best Answer", please visit our FAQ.There is an Act of Settlement of 1701 preventing a Roman Catholic from becoming monarch, and also barring foreigners from taking Government Office. This was hatched up when Queen Anne, The last in the line of the Stuarts was on the throne and Parliament wished to curtail future European influence on our monarchy.
It didn't entirely work, as we got George I, Elector of Hanover, a German without a word of English, and scant regard for our traditions. 123 years later, Queen Victoria was officially the last of the Hanovers, but it was just a name change, it was still the same crowd of Teutonic weirdos. Edward VII decided that Saxe-Coburg-Gotha would be a nice name for the British monarch, however, with the outbreak of World War I such a German sounding name was thought a bit unpatriotic so Geroge V changed it again, this time to Windsor.
So, clever Parliament stopped a Roman Catholic monarch and a foreign Government Minister but allowed a foreign monarch and a Roman Catholic Government Minister. I don't think there has been one, but there are plenty of Jews in past and persent Parliaments, and some even Prime Minister.
See the text of the Act of settlement here
http://www.guardian.co.uk/monarchy/story/0,2763,407239,00.html
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