If you check the manual for your printer it will tell you the maximum weight paper you can use, as long as it's less than the maximum then yes... You may find that, if your printer has more than one place you can put the paper then they are capable of taking different paper weights in each of them.
As Chuck says, the manual gives info on this. Most printers will take slightly thicker than the manual says especially if the paper path is straight-through (Epson or Canon style). HP with the wrap-around path are not usually so good at this.