Employment tribunals previously called Industrial tribunals have jurisdiction to hear statutory employment rights claims and some common law claims. In addition they have jurisdiction to hear some claims for breech of contract outstanding at the termination of employment. They were introduced into employment law in 1964 and their jurisdiction, and consequently usage, has since increased considerably.
They are designed to be quicker, cheaper, more efficient and more accessible than the conventional court system. They are also informal, costs are rarely awarded, certain rules of evidence do not apply, but the system is basically adversarial with each party putting its case and being permitted to cross-examine witnesses.