The short answer is that you may cross-examine any witness who says something on oath by putting their contradictory, earlier statement and the circumstances of its making , to them. If they stick by the new version, that's the evidence in the case, but their testimony may be less credible because of their having given a contradictory or differing version previously.
A transcript, if available, serves only to give the cross-examiner a correct, verbatim, account of the words used , which is obviously better to put than a simple assertion of the gist of it. Signed statements, affidavits, any document in the cross-examiner's hands and which emanates from the witness, all may be put as contradicting what the witness now says but do not themselves become evidence of facts in the instant case unless he agrees with them, and adopts the statements as correct statements now. You cannot ,of course, ordinarily use 'without prejudice' and privileged documents for this purpose.