A colossal escape of methane might wipe out a lot of the earth's population. If there is ( as scientists believe) a vast amount of methane trapped in clathrates under the world's ice, it could be released in a huge burst, and it could catch fire. ( you can't breathe methane, by the way, even if it doesn't catch fire.)
There is the alternative of an expected monster landslip in the Atlantic which would send one undreamed-of supercolossal tsunami (or several ) rushing towards the US and rebounding onto all Atlantic coasts. Could be tomorrow, could be 5,000 years away. This could easily inundate all land up to at least 30 miles inland, destroying communications, buildings, roads, farmland and essential services. The sweep of the tsunami/s would reach and devastate all coasts of the Atlantic, including western-facing UK coasts, Ireland, Iceland. Portugal, France, Greenland, etc. It could sweep into the North sea and the Caribbean, and also probably along the north coast of South America. All islands in its path would be annihilated. The Panama canal could be wrecked.
This might not destroy all human life, but the repercussions of this could cause total world economic meltdown.
But if you are thinking of a solar flare - it would have to last over 24 hours in order to destroy all exposed life on earth - to make sure it lasted until the earth had turned at least once on its axis. We'd all fry, unless we were down deep mines, but the auroras would be magnificent !