The standard that broadcast engineers work to is that they aim to provide a usable signal to all homes that have a good quality external aerial. There has never been any intention to provide a usable signal for people who only use indoor aerials.
However if you're only just down the road from a principal (high-powered) transmitter you'll almost certainly get a good enough signal indoors. Equally, if you're in a fringe reception area you won't get any signal at all indoors. (Where I live half the houses have external aerials pointing at one major transmitter, with the other half pointing at a different transmitter, because it's difficult to get a signal from either of them. All of them have big, multi-element aerials because smaller external aerial simply won't work well. Indoor aerials simply produce no signal whatsoever).
As a VERY rough guide, I'd suggest that if you live within 5 miles of a high-powered transmitter (not a local repeater) you'd get a decent signal indoors. If you live further away, but within 10 miles, you might well get a reasonable signal upstairs (but possibly not downstairs). Beyond 10 miles you'd probably struggle to get any form of reception.