I had this operation on May 13 of this year. I went into the hospital on a Thursday, discharged after staying one day. I was driving on Sunday (2 days later). No "vigorous exercise" for 2 weeks, but free to resume normal activities (walking, driving, working crossword puzzles) right away. It took about 10 days for there to be no visible blood when first starting to pee. After 4 weeks I was cleared to fully resume all activity (heavy lifting, running, sex, etc.).
In order to go home without a catheter, I was given a "peeing test" where they used a sonogram to determine how much urine was left in my bladder after urinating. Fortunately I passed (they did not give me much time to study!). So although it's not unheard of to go home with a catheter, having it in for 6 weeks seems like a really long time. Everything was working quite normally (very much new & improved, actually) after 2 weeks.