When I began my apprenticeship, I was lucky enough to work for a company that was noted for its high-class binding and printing, so I had a good grounding in high-class hand work. That kind of binding was very expensive, so, as time went on, the hand work declined and machines took over. By the time that I retired, I was operating a machine that produced pocket diaries, and I once trained a lawnmower mechanic to use it. So that's what happened to my binding hand work.