where does one start? virtually everything. most of the stuff you learn in primary school anyway. In science: Galileo (telescope, promotion of the heliocentric universe, pendulum as timekeeper, constant acceleration of bodies falling to earth, rejection of aristotelian motion, divorce of learning and theology)
Newton (Laws of motion, Principia (best peice of maths for 200 years each way-invented calculus), bunch of stuff to do with optics)
Leeuwenhoek (invented the microscope)
Hooke (physics, behaviour of springs, micrographia, first use of microscope as teaching tool)
Robert Boyle (invented chemistry)
Newcomen (first atmospheric engine-protosteam engine)