Are you talking about teaching a non-native speaker, or someone who speaks English but can't read/write it? You're starting from a different place with each, because the latter can use their knowledge of the spoken language to inform what they see on the page. The ESOL learner will need to learn the English equivalent of a word before learning to read/write it.
If you're working with an English speaker, then beginning with whole word recognition is a good start - the person's name and some basic information is a good place to start. From there you can start to work on a few phonics and learn how to put them together to form the required word. You could perhaps move on to 'flash' cards, using them to label things around the home or wherever, e.g. 'cupboard', 'wardrobe' or 'kettle'.
I would suggest the alphabet is a bit pointless right at the beginning, but it's something you could work on building up as the learning progresses. You could get your pupil to put together an A-Z vocabulary notebook, writing in it various words to practice or commonly mis-spelt words.
If working with a 'foreign' learner, begin with spoken language. Once they have some knowledge of that, then you can work on reading and writing as above.