for women, 'queen' means both 'wife of a king' and 'queen in her own right'. For men it's different: king can only mean 'king in his own right'. Victoria's husband Albert was only a prince consort which is essentially what Philip is. But Albert's cousin also married an empress, of Portugal, and the rule there was that you could upgrade to a king if you produced a child; he had about 10 of them so he became king. Different for the Brits.
I always thought this was because a King is superior to a Queen. The title only belonging to the blood line. It's ok for a King of royal blood to take a wife & make her Queen because she will always be inferior. If Prince Philip was King this would make him superior to his wife Queen Elizebeth. Imagine!!
I remember that from primary school, but the teachers told us lies so it may not be true.