Chromebooks, unsurprisingly, use the Chrome operating system, not Windows. So applications for Windows won't run on a Chromebook, meaning that Autodesk 123 Design can't be used with it. (The program has also been discontinued by the developer, so any Windows download you might find for it will be from a third-party source and possibly full of malware).
Since Chrome OS and Android are both developments from the same basic source code, it's possible to run many (but not all) Android apps on a Chromebook:
https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7021273?hl=en-GB
So you'll need to seek out an app designed for use with Android (or specifically for use with Chrome OS).