Firstly....I would never have a trigger finger operated on in a " medical centre" I would ask for hospital care and operated on by an Orthopaedic surgeon or a hand surgeon.
Secondly there is no association with arthritis and trigger finger, although one may well develop triggerfinger with fairly advanced rheumatoid arthritis.
In direct answer to your question, in my opinion the " locking" of your fingers would not accelerate the two common types of arthritis...osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.