Are the above the same religion? If not, what is the difference? I know that Henry 8th started up CofE, with the monarch as the head of the church, to enable himself to divorce and marry Anne Boleyn but where does protestantism fit in to all this?
Protestant is the term used to describe the "religious" communities that rejected the doctrine of Rome, and based their beliefs on salvation through faith alone, in Jesus Christ.
These religions have branched out following disagreements on points of doctrine, but are still collectively called protestant.
The Church of England was originally based on the thirty nine articles of faith as written down in the book of common prayer.
Martin Luther "protested" against certain practices in the Roman Catholic church, hence protestantism.The churches that came from the reformation who "protested" against The R.C church.
I think Theland put it clearly eneough.
Have a look here.. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant
explains in a bit more detail