Ok, if you're not a mechanic then the things you can check are lights front and rear, dip and main beam, fog lamps if fitted, brake lights, indicators that flash on and off, hazard warning lights. None of the light covers sholud be cracked or broken.
Next windsrceen no cracks and only small chips (size of a 5p or smaller allowed) within the swept area covered by the wipers. Wipers should both work and clear the screen without leaving tracks and operate smoothly without dragging across the screen. Same for the rear if fitted. Top up the washer bottle as this should also work.
Seatbelts should operate smoothly and engage when pulled sharply and have no rips tears or fraying.
Tyres - legal minimum is 1.6mm across the tread, ideally change them if below 2mm. There should be no bald patches or excess wear to the edges. Edge wear is an indicator of tracking problems, have it checked at a trye depot or garage.Check for nails or sidewall damage check pressures are correct and same for the spare which sould be inflated.
Exhaust - without jacking up the car there is a limit to what you can do here, but if it sounds noisy check for leaks by starting the engine and looking / listening under the car to see if the exhaust is blowing. Main places they go at is the joints and rear box, so check there.
Thats most of what you can do as a layman, if you suspect you'll fail on brakes or suspension then get it sorted at a garage before the MOT. Good luck