Colour is generally expressed in physics by the wavelength or energy of the individual photons of light. This attibute of light, its wavelength (or energy) is what we physiologically perceive as colour within the visual spectrum. The visual process does present some ambiguities, for instance, yellow is virtually indistinguishable from a combination of red and green which would be distinguishable from spectral analysis.
http://www.physicscla...lass/light/U12l2c.cfm
Many of the colours we perceive visually (such as brown) do not have a specific wavelength but are rather a mixture or combination of several different wavelengths of light within this spectrum.
http://www.newton.dep...ci/phy99/phy99125.htm