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mumps
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For more on marking an answer as the "Best Answer", please visit our FAQ.It's uncommon, but if for whatever reason your immune system was compromised on the first occasion, although you would fight off the first infection, you wouldn't necessarily develop "memory" T or B cells.
This would mean that in any subsequent encounters with the same virus your immune system wouldn't recognise it as something already encountered and you would possible develop a the disease- either full blown or a milder form.
Mumps is caused by a virus known as a myxo virus. It is transmitted mainly by infected saliva although the urine also contains virus particles. The saliva is infectious for approximately six days prior to the onset of swelling of the salivary glands in the cheeks. The peak infective period is from a day or two before the onset of the swelling until very shortly after it begins
Actually having the disease confers lifelong immunity.