I don't believe the painted lines have anything special about them. I suspect there is a transmitter located within the store that has a limited range (at least sufficient to reach the furthest parts of the car park for example). Whilst the trolley is within range of the transmitter, and thus receiving a signal, it will operate normally. However, as soon as the trolley is taken beyond the range of the transmitter in the store, it looses reception of the transmitted signal, and applys the brakes. The painted lines are probably provided as a guidline, and reminder for the customer, that the trolley should not be taken any further. The trolley should stop when it reaches the line if the line has been painted accurately, but in reality, depending on how well the transmitter has been setup, and the weather conditions, it may be possible to take it some distance past the boundary before it stops.