38a) is Temporalities - and refers to worldly possessions of a church
31a) the phrase given in the clue is an example - another examples would be -
in Inverted Meaning
But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er
Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strongly loves. —Shakespeare, Othello 3.3
Dotes and strongly loves share the same meaning and bracket doubts and suspects.
in inverted grammar
An example of a parallel sentence is:
He knowingly lied and we blindly followed
"He knowingly lied and we followed blindly"
"I love too much and hate too little"
"I love too much and too little hate."
Other examples:
"By day the frolic, and the dance by night". Samuel Johnson The Vanity of Human Wishes.
"His time a moment, and a point his space." Alexander Pope Essay on Man, Epistle I.
"Swift as an arrow flying, fleeing like a hare afraid..."
27d) Yes you are looking for a local name (in the Shetland Isles) for Puffin - it is scottish
28d) You are looking for a Latin phrase - the clue is a 'literal translation' -
try this site -
http://latin-phrases.co.uk/dictionary/a/
happy to give answers if you want